Diabetic ketoacidosis - Preventing diabetic ketoacidosis

If you've been diagnosed with diabetes, it's very important that you follow all recommendations regarding diet, medication, insulin therapy and self-testing.

Read more about living with diabetes.

During illnesses

An underlying illness (usually an infection) is the most common reason why people with type 1 diabetes develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It's therefore important to take extra precautions if you fall ill.

You can use the advice below as a guide.

• Always seek prompt medical advice if you fall ill.
• Remember that some cough mixtures and cold remedies contain sugar. Always use the sugar-free variety.
• If eating normally is difficult, try soups or liquid carbohydrates which are available from many health and fitness stores.
• Drink plenty of sugar-free liquids. Seek immediate medical advice if you're unable to hold down soups or liquids.
• Continue with your insulin treatment even if you're unable to eat your usual amounts of food.

It's likely you will have to increase your insulin injections when you are ill. You should have received previous instructions about this, known as your 'sick day rules'. Contact your GP or diabetic nurse for advice if you haven't received these instructions.

You will also need to check your blood glucose levels more frequently (usually at least four times a day).

Ketone testing

A simple urine test, using strips available on prescription, can test for ketones. You should test your urine for ketones if you have a high blood sugar level or if you have the symptoms of ketoacidosis.

Many newer blood glucose monitors are also able to monitor blood ketone levels. Your diabetic nurse will be able to provide you with more information about this.

Contact your GP or diabetes nurse immediately, or go to your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department, if you have a blood sugar level and the test strips indicate that you also have high levels of ketones.